Programming Languages & Libraries  

• Python  

• R  

• SQL  

• Java

• C

• C++  

• Scala  

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Data Science Libraries  

• NumPy  

• Pandas  

• Matplotlib  

• Seaborn  

• Plotly  

• Scikit-learn  

• TensorFlow  

• PyTorch  

• XGBoost  

• LightGBM  

• Statsmodels  

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Data Wrangling & Processing

• Data Cleaning  

• Data Transformation  

• Feature Engineering  

• Handling Missing Data  

• Data Normalization & Standardization  

• Web Scraping  

• API Data Extraction  

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Data Visualization

• Matplotlib  

• Seaborn  

• Plotly  

• Tableau  

• Power BI  

• Google Data Studio  

• Looker  

• ggplot2 (R)  

• D3.js  

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Statistics & Probability

• Descriptive Statistics  

• Inferential Statistics  

• Probability Distributions  

• Hypothesis Testing  

• Bayesian Statistics  

• A/B Testing  

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Machine Learning  

• Supervised Learning  

• Unsupervised Learning  

• Reinforcement Learning  

• Regression Models  

• Classification Models  

• Clustering Algorithms  

• Dimensionality Reduction  

• Model Evaluation & Validation  

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Big Data & Cloud Technologies

• Spark  

• AWS (S3, Lambda, SageMaker)  

• Google Cloud (BigQuery, AI Platform)  

• Azure (Data Factory, Machine Learning)  

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Databases & Storage

• SQL (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite)  

• NoSQL (MongoDB, Cassandra)  

• Data Warehousing (Snowflake, Redshift) 

• Data Lakes  

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Deep Learning

• Neural Networks  

• CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks) RNNs (Recurrent Neural Networks)  

• Transformers  

• Generative Models  

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Natural Language Processing (NLP)

• Tokenization  

• Word Embeddings (Word2Vec, GloVe)  

• Transformers (BERT, GPT)  

• Named Entity Recognition (NER)  

• Sentiment Analysis  

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Data Ethics & Governance

• Bias & Fairness  

• Data Privacy  

• GDPR Compliance  

• Explainability in AI  

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LLM and AI